Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Epigenetics is defined as heritable changes in gene expression without changes in the DNA sequence. The transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of diseases is an emerging area of research. Multiple environmental factors including toxicants are associated with the transgenerational inheritance of increased disease susceptibility. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a heterogeneous group of exogenous chemicals or chemical mixtures that interfere with the act...

Introduction: Obesity is a worldwide pandemic associated with increased morbidity/mortality and high cost for the society. The prevalence of obesity has doubled in more than 70 countries (including developing countries) since 1980. The number of adult subjects with obesity is around 700 million worldwide. The current pandemic in obesity cannot be explained solely by alterations in food intake and/or decrease in exercise. Obesity pandemic coincides with the marked increase of t...

IntroductionCentenarians are subjects living 100 years or older. They represent a model of successful aging. In 2020, the number of centenarians in the world was approximately 573.000. Multiple endocrine changes occur with normal aging. Most centenarians have managed to avoid, postpone, or overcome the important age-related and life-threatening diseases. The purpose of this review is to present the endocrine function in centenarians with special emphasis...

IntroductionEndocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a heterogeneous group of exogenous chemicals or chemical mixtures that interfere with the action of hormones and cause adverse effects. Humans are constantly exposed to hundreds of EDCs mainly through air, water, and food. Pregnant women are exposed to multiple EDCs that can cross the placenta and enter the fetus. The developing fetus and neonate are more sensitive than adults to perturbation by EDCs....

Introduction: Individual variability in drug efficacy and safety due to genetic diversity is a major challenge for clinicians. Pharmacogenetics deals with inherited differences in the efficacy and safety responses to drugs. The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide and the disease is reaching pandemic proportions. T2D is treated by oral and/or injectable drugs. The interindividual variability of T2D drug actions may be caused, at least in part, by genetic ...

Introduction: The acute status of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis is routinely assessed by the measurements of cortisol in blood, saliva, and urine. Because cortisol is continuously deposited in the growing hair shaft, hair cortisol can serve as a practical measure of long-term retrospective HPA axis activity. The purpose of this review is to present the relevance of hair cortisol measurement in the diagnosis and management of Cushing’s syndrome and a...

Introduction: Methods to predict clinically meaningful weight loss can help tailor treatment for people with overweight or obesity. LIGHT-UP (NCT03058029), is a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study over 25 weeks including 254 people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (127 each in the Gelesis200 and placebo arms) with a body mass index between 27 and 40 kg/m2, which demonstrated that Gelesis200 offers a compelling new potential approach in...

Introduction: Identification of early responders is widely used in pharmacotherapy for weight loss to minimize unnecessary exposure to risks and unnecessary expenses. Gelesis Loss Of Weight (GLOW; NCT02307279), a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal study, demonstrated that Gelesis100 offers a compelling new potential approach in the management of overweight and obesity.Objective: A post-hoc area under the curve (AUC) for the receiver op...